Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of two physical training methods on older adults should be investigated in greater depth and its results shared with the community. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of two types of physical training on the functional features associated with the cognitive state and the effect on a physiological mediator of growth hormone (IGF-1) in older women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study that included 12 weeks of training in two groups divided into resistance and aerobic training. The study included a population of 113 women aged 69.39 ± 6.48 years from Talcahuano, Chile. All participants were randomly assigned to either group. The MINIMENTAL test was used to examine the executive functions of cognitive state and blood concentration of IGF-1, which was also used to examine neurotrophic factors. For the assessment of physical condition, an indirect test was used for the maximum mass displaced in one repetition (1RM) by the limbs and the TM6 test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Significant differences between the groups with respect to the total score obtained in the MINIMENTAL test (EG1 = 28.13 ± 2.26; EG2 = 28.57 ± 1.83 and CG = 23.47 ± 2.80; ANOVA; p = 0.000) were observed. A post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences when examining executive functions individually between groups (Bonferroni; p > 0.05). An increase in the neurotrophic factor IGF-1 was also recorded in the training groups (EG1 p = 0.014 and EG2 p = 0.005). The pre- and post-test showed large differences in magnitude in the resistance training group (ES = 0.9; 20.41% change). CONCLUSION: Both workouts produce an overall improvement in the functions associated with cognitive status and increase blood concentrations of IGF-1 in older adults.

Caracterización antropométrica y composición corporal de tenistas de elite varones y damas de Chile / Anthropometric characterization and body composition of male and female elite tennis players in Chile

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características antropométricas y de composición corporal en jóvenes tenistas de elite chilenos. El estudio fue de carácter descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra de 84 tenistas (58 varones 15,5 ± 0,76 años y 26 damas, 15,3 ± 0,8 años), fue seleccionada de forma no probabilística por conveniencia. Se evaluaron variables antropométricas de peso, estatura, estatura sentada, pliegues cutáneos (bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, supraespinal, abdominal, muslo anterior y pierna medial), perímetros (brazo flexionado, muslo medio y pierna) y diámetros (biepicondíleo de húmero y del fémur). Se realizaron análisis antropométricos y cálculos para determinar la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los sujetos participantes. Los resultados para los varones fueron, peso corporal 64,3±7,94 kg, estatura 1,74 ± 0,08 m, porcentaje de grasa 16,6±4,1 %, de componente Mesomorfo balan- ceado. Las damas presentaron un peso corporal 49,8±6,9 kg, estatura 1,65±0,03 m, porcentaje de grasa 19,3±4,8%,de componente Ectomorfo balanceado. En general, ambos grupos muestran características antropométricas y de composición corporal similares a otros grupos de tenistas juveniles, a excepción del somatotipo en el caso de las damas.

SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics and body composition in young Chilean elite tennis players aged 14 to 16 years. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A non-probability convenience sampling of 84 tennis players (58 males 15.5 ± 0.76 years old and 26 females, 15.3 ± 0.8 years old) was selected. Anthropometric variables of weight, height, sitting height, skin folds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, abdominal, anterior thigh and medial leg), perimeters (flexed arm, middle thigh and leg) and diameters (humerus and femur) were evaluated. Anthropometric analysis and calculations were performed to determine the body composition and somatotype of the participanting subjects. The results for males were, body weight 64.3 ± 7.94 kg, height 1.74 ± 0.08 m, percentage of fat 16.6 ± 4.1%, balanced mesomorph component. The females had a body weight of 49.8 ± 6.9 kg, height of 1.65 ± 0.03 m, percentage of fat 19.3 ± 4.8%, balanced ectomorph component. In general, both groups showed similar anthropometric and body composition characteristics as compared to other groups of young tennis players, with the exception of the somatotype in the case of the females.

Electronic Transport in Bilayer MoS2 Encapsulated in HfO2.

The exact nature of the interface between a two-dimensional crystal and its environment can have a significant impact on the electronic transport within the crystal, and can place fundamental limitations on transistor performance and long-term functionality. Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides are a new class of transistor channel material with electronic properties that can be tailored through dielectric engineering of the material/environmental interface. Here, we report electrical transport measurements carried out in the insulating regime of bilayer molybdenum disulfide, which has been encapsulated within a high-κ hafnium oxide dielectric. Temperature- and carrier-density-dependent measurements show that for T < 130 K the transport is governed by resonant tunneling, and at T = 4.2 K the tunneling peak lineshape is well-fitted by a Lorentzian with an amplitude less than e2/h. Estimates of tunneling time give τ ∼ 1.2 ps corresponding to a frequency f ∼ 0.84 THz. The tunneling processes are observable up to T ∼ 190 K (more than a factor of 6 higher than that previously reported for MoS2 on SiO2) despite the onset of variable range hopping at T ∼ 130 K, demonstrating the coexistence of the two transport processes within the same temperature range. At constant temperature, varying the Fermi energy allows experimental access to each transport process. The results are interpreted in terms of an increase in charge carrier screening length and a decrease in electron-phonon coupling induced by the hafnium oxide. Our results represent the first demonstration of the intermediate tunneling-hopping transport regime in a two-dimensional material. The results suggest that interface engineering may be a macroscopic tool for controlling quantum transport within such materials as well as for increasing the operating temperatures for resonant-tunneling devices derived from such materials, with applications in high-frequency electronics and logic devices.

Correlación entre índice de masa corporal y sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de niños preescolares de la Región de los Ríos, Chile / Correlation between bmi and depressive symptoms in a sample of preschool children in the Los Rios Region, Chile

El desarrollo epidémico de la obesidad actualmente pone en riesgo a la población mundial, registrándose alarmantes cifras en niños, quienes, dependiendo de la edad en que la padezcan, presentan una probabilidad del 25% al 75% de ser obesos en la adultez. Este problema es especialmente importante en Chile, en donde se tiene la prevalencia más alta a nivel sudamericano. El impacto de la obesidad en la salud emocional ha sido descrito como tanto o más dañino que las comorbilidades médicas asociadas a ésta, estudiándose la asociación entre obesidad y sintomatología depresiva eminentemente desde la edad escolar en adelante. Evaluamos 250 preescolares del sistema público de educación, de la Region de los Ríos. El presente estudio abordó la relación entre obesidad y sintomatología depresiva en preescolares chilenos, sin encontrarse correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre ambas, lo cual es discutido considerando los hallazgos de otros estudios que sugieren la presencia de variables psicosociales que deben ser estudiadas en esta población.

The epidemic development of obesity threatens the world's population, registering alarming rates of children who, depending on the age when developed, have a 25% to 75% chance of being obese in adulthood. This problem is especially important in Chile, which has the highest prevalence level in South America. The impact of obesity on emotional health has been described as harmful medical comorbidities associated with it, studying the association between obesity and depressive symptoms predominantly from school age onwards. This study addressed the relationship between obesity and depressive symptoms in Chilean preschool children, where no significant correlations were found, which is discussed considering the findings of other studies that suggest the presence of psychosocial variables that should be studied in this population.

Prostatectomía laparoscópica / Laparoscopic prostatectomy

Se realizó estudio retrospectivo de 55 pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía laparoscópica simple, desde agosto del 2006 hasta junio del 2008. La hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) es una enfermedad frecuente y progresiva en sujetos de edad avanzada, ya que la padecen el 50% de hombres en la sexta década de la vida y en el 90% en mayores de 90 años. La HPB, con frecuencia se asocia a síntomas urinarios bajos como urgencia, aumento de la frecuencia miccional nocturna y vaciado vesical incompleto. Si no se interviene quirúrgicamente puede observarse consecuencias graves como retención urinaria, insuficiencia renal aguda, cálculos vesicales, que afectan la calidad de vida del paciente. Por lo tanto el tratamiento quirúrgico es inevitable. En la actualidad existe una variedad de alternativas como resección transuretral, prostatectomía abierta, y prostatectomía laparoscópica, dependiendo básicamente del tamaño adenoma prostático.

Trasplante renal en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito: experiencia de 80 casos con 13 años de seguimiento / Renal transplant in the Metropolitan Hospital of Quito: experience of 80 cases with 13 years of pursuit

Estudiamos la evolución histórica de los trasplantes de riñón en el Hospital Metropolitano, en donde se realizan 82 trasplantes todos con donantes vivos relacionados o no relacionados. Se excluyen del análisis 2 pacientes por no haber tenido el mismo control y seguimiento que los restantes. Se presenta los estudios que se realizan previo al trasplante renal así como el procedimiento quirúrgico y la ruta crítica post-operatorio. Se analizan las enfermedades que condujeron a insuficiencia renal siendo la primera causa desconocida y la segunda la glomerulonefritis crónica. Se enfatiza que existieron pacientes diabéticos y con otras enfermedades sistémicas.